{"id":"uo39TPDst5f5GgHjQWrS","title":"AP World History: Transoceanic Interconnections","description":"AP","shortDescription":"Advanced Placement World History: Modern. This deck covers Unit 4: 1450-1750. I will add more later.","numberOfCards":45,"numberOfDates":56,"firstPublished":"2026-04-16T16:07:05.968Z","lastPublished":"2026-04-16T20:28:13.192Z","coverImage":{"username":"ryankphoto","thumbURL":"https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1766870348324-a135eb4ddb04?crop=entropy&cs=tinysrgb&fit=max&fm=jpg&ixid=M3w0MDA4NTB8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw5fHx0aHJlZSUyMG1hc3QlMjBzaGlwfGVufDB8fHx8MTc3NjI4MjU5MXww&ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=80&w=200","smallURL":"https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1766870348324-a135eb4ddb04?crop=entropy&cs=tinysrgb&fit=max&fm=jpg&ixid=M3w0MDA4NTB8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw5fHx0aHJlZSUyMG1hc3QlMjBzaGlwfGVufDB8fHx8MTc3NjI4MjU5MXww&ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=80&w=400","regularURL":"https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1766870348324-a135eb4ddb04?crop=entropy&cs=tinysrgb&fit=max&fm=jpg&ixid=M3w0MDA4NTB8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw5fHx0aHJlZSUyMG1hc3QlMjBzaGlwfGVufDB8fHx8MTc3NjI4MjU5MXww&ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=80&w=1080"},"handle":"chronos","handleInsensitive":"chronos","categories":[{"serverID":"4098726","title":"Exploration & Oceanic Contact","shortDescription":"Voyages and first sustained interregional contact.","rank":100,"cards":[{"id":"MmlJ24tQjIE3sQKkINfp","name":"Cartier Explores St. Lawrence","description":"Jacques Cartier’s second voyage advanced French geographic knowledge and made claims in northeastern North America. Reaching the St. Lawrence, he sailed upriver for the first time, and reached the Iroquoian capital of Stadacona, where Chief Donnacona ruled.","categoryID":"4098726","pitDate":"1535","start":null,"end":null,"periodA":null,"periodB":null,"rank":100,"links":[],"sourceTitle":"Jacques Cartier","sourceURL":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier"},{"id":"UJ5TvnW3GuL7tQjbXdZO","name":"Hudson Explores for the Dutch","description":"He landed in North America on behalf of the Dutch East India Company and explored the region around the modern New York metropolitan area. 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He made between 21 and 29 voyages across the Atlantic Ocean during his career, created the first accurate maps of North America's eastern coastline and the Great Lakes region, combining direct observation with information provided by Indigenous peoples, and established Quebec in this year.","categoryID":"4098726","pitDate":"1608","start":null,"end":null,"periodA":null,"periodB":null,"rank":100,"links":[],"sourceTitle":"Samuel de Champlain","sourceURL":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_de_Champlain"},{"id":"jwltdU3fOodejlBZCP4o","name":"Columbus Reaches the Caribbean","description":"Columbus’s [1492] Atlantic voyage connected Afro-Eurasia and the Americas, creating sustained transoceanic contact and exchange.","categoryID":"4098726","pitDate":"1492","start":null,"end":null,"periodA":null,"periodB":null,"rank":100,"links":[],"sourceTitle":"Christopher Columbus","sourceURL":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus"},{"id":"obkbwXoz7sxP1BQxDWDO","name":"Cabot Claims for England","description":"John Cabot’s voyage gave England an early basis for territorial claims in the North Atlantic world. Cabot was sent to America to look for a northwest passage by Henry VII. He claimed lands from Newfoundland south to the Chesapeake Bay.","categoryID":"4098726","pitDate":"1497","start":null,"end":null,"periodA":null,"periodB":null,"rank":100,"links":[],"sourceTitle":"John Cabot","sourceURL":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cabot"},{"id":"yvNTY4U3Ysfvt0rzskac","name":"Magellan Expedition","description":"The Magellan expedition, sometimes termed the Magellan–Elcano expedition, was a Spanish expedition planned and led by Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan. It was the first circumnavigation of Earth. Its purpose was to cross the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans to open a trade route with the Moluccas, or Spice Islands, in present-day Indonesia. Magellan didn't survive the trip; only 18 of 270 did. The nearly 3-year voyage achieved the first circumnavigation of Earth.","categoryID":"4098726","pitDate":null,"start":"+1519-08-10","end":"1522","periodA":"Start","periodB":"End","rank":100,"links":[],"sourceTitle":"Wikipedia","sourceURL":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magellan_expedition"}]},{"serverID":"5466186","title":"Imperial Conquest & Colonial Rule","shortDescription":"State expansion, conquest, and colonial governance.","rank":200,"cards":[{"id":"9GXbOCSchB4c19CyaceZ","name":"Treaty of Tordesillas","description":"Spain and Portugal agreed to divide non-European claims, structuring early imperial competition and colonization.","categoryID":"5466186","pitDate":"1494","start":null,"end":null,"periodA":null,"periodB":null,"rank":100,"links":[{"link":"NY6f2IBTPXOWZMlzio9y","type":0,"text":"The x>Treaty of TordesillasCabral Lands in BrazilTreaty of TordesillasCabral Lands in BrazilTreaty of TordesillasCabral Lands in BrazilTreaty of TordesillasCabral Lands in BrazilTreaty of 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[Established]Dutch East India Company [Start]Dutch Stock Exchange [Established]Spanish Armada DefeatedEnglish East India Company [Start]Spanish Armada DefeatedEnglish East India Company [Start]Spanish Armada DefeatedEnglish East India Company [Start]Spanish Armada DefeatedEnglish East India Company [Start]Spanish Armada DefeatedEnglish East India Company [Start]Spanish Armada DefeatedEnglish East India Company [Start]Treaty of TordesillasCabral Lands in BrazilTreaty of TordesillasCabral Lands in BrazilTreaty of TordesillasCabral Lands in BrazilTreaty of TordesillasCabral Lands in BrazilTreaty of TordesillasCabral Lands in BrazilTreaty of TordesillasCabral Lands in BrazilGoa Becomes Portuguese BasePortuguese Capture MalaccaGoa Becomes Portuguese BasePortuguese Capture MalaccaGoa Becomes Portuguese BasePortuguese Capture MalaccaGoa Becomes Portuguese BasePortuguese Capture MalaccaGoa Becomes Portuguese BasePortuguese Capture MalaccaGoa Becomes Portuguese BasePortuguese Capture 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