AP Art History
Advanced Placement Art History (APAH) timeline.
Last updated
Feb 13, 2026
Cards
53
Dates
54
Links
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Timelines published by our users.
Advanced Placement Art History (APAH) timeline.
Last updated
Feb 13, 2026
Cards
53
Dates
54
Links
00
Density
0
[Created]
Juana Inés de Asbaje y Ramírez de Santillana, better known as Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, was a Hieronymite nun and a Novohispanic writer, philosopher, composer and poet of the Baroque period, nicknamed "The Tenth Muse", "The Mexican Phoenix", and "The Phoenix of America" by her contemporary critics. She was also a student of science. She was among the main contributors to the Spanish Golden Age, alongside Juan de Espinosa Medrano, Juan Ruiz de Alarcón and Garcilaso de la Vega "el Inca". 99
[Created]
The full title, A Philosopher giving that Lecture on the Orrery in which a lamp is put in place of the Sun, is a painting by Joseph Wright of Derby depicting a lecturer giving a demonstration of an orrery – a mechanical model of the Solar System – to a small audience. It is now in the Derby Museum and Art Gallery. 100
[Created]
The Swing by Jean-Honoré Fragonard. The Swing, also known as The Happy Accidents of the Swing, is a oil painting by Jean-Honoré Fragonard in the Wallace Collection in London. It is considered to be one of the masterpieces of the Rococo era, and is Fragonard's best-known work. 101
[Started]
Monticello was the primary residence and plantation of Thomas Jefferson, a Founding Father, author of the Declaration of Independence, and the third president of the United States. Jefferson began designing Monticello after inheriting land from his father at the age of 14. 102
[Created]
Oath of the Horatii is a large painting by the French artist Jacques-Louis David and now on display in the Louvre in Paris. The painting immediately became a huge success with critics and the public and remains one of the best-known paintings in the Neoclassical style. 103
[Created]
Oil-on-canvas painting by Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun. It is held in the collection of the Uffizi in Florence. The painting shows Le Brun in a black silk robe with a red sash, pausing mid-brushstroke before an outlined image. Le Brun painted the work in Rome after fleeing France to escape the French Revolution. She conceived the work as a demonstration of her support for the French Queen. 105
[Completed]
George Washington is a statue by the French sculptor Jean-Antoine Houdon. Based on a life mask and other measurements of Founding Father and first American president George Washington taken by Houdon, it is considered one of the most accurate depictions of the subject. The original sculpture is located in the rotunda of the Virginia State Capitol in Richmond, Virginia, and it has been copied extensively, with one copy standing in the United States Capitol rotunda. 104
[Finished]
Monticello was the primary residence and plantation of Thomas Jefferson, a Founding Father, author of the Declaration of Independence, and the third president of the United States. Jefferson began designing Monticello after inheriting land from his father at the age of 14. 102
[Created]
The Disasters of War is a series of 82 prints created by the Spanish painter and printmaker Francisco Goya. Although Goya did not make known his intention when creating the plates, art historians view them as a visual protest against the violence of the [1808] Dos de Mayo Uprising, the subsequent cruel war that ended in Spanish victory in the Peninsular War of [1808]–[1814] and the setbacks to the liberal cause following the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy. 106
[Created]
Grande Odalisque, also known as Une Odalisque or La Grande Odalisque, is an oil painting by Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres depicting an odalisque, or concubine. Ingres' contemporaries considered the work to signify Ingres' break from Neoclassicism, indicating a shift toward exotic Romanticism. 107
[Created]
Liberty Leading the People is a painting of the Romantic era by the French artist Eugène Delacroix, commemorating the July Revolution of 1830 that toppled King Charles X. A bare-breasted "woman of the people" with a Phrygian cap personifying the concept and Goddess of Liberty, accompanied by a young boy brandishing a pistol in each hand, leads a group of various people forward over a barricade and the bodies of the fallen while holding aloft 108
[Created]
The Oxbow (View from Mount Holyoke, Northampton, Massachusetts, after a Thunderstorm) by Thomas Cole. View from Mount Holyoke, Northampton, Massachusetts, after a Thunderstorm, commonly known as The Oxbow, is a seminal American landscape painting by Thomas Cole, founder of the Hudson River School. The painting depicts a Romantic panorama of the Connecticut River Valley just after a thunderstorm. It has been interpreted as a confrontation between wilderness and civilization. 109
[Created]
Daguerreotype 110
[Created]
The Slave Ship, originally titled Slavers Throwing overboard the Dead and Dying—Typhon coming on, is a painting by the British artist J. M. W. Turner, first exhibited at The Royal Academy of Arts. The initial exhibition of the painting in 1840 coincided with international abolitionist campaigns. 111
[Construction Started]
Limestone masonry and glass 112
[Created]
The Stone Breakers, also known as Stonebreakers, was an oil painting on canvas by the French painter Gustave Courbet. Now destroyed, the image remains an often-cited example of the artistic movement Realism. 113
Honoré-Victorin Daumier was a French painter, sculptor, and printmaker, whose many works offer commentary on the social and political life in France, from the Revolution of [1830] to the fall of the Second French Empire in [1870]. He earned a living producing caricatures and cartoons in newspapers and periodicals such as La Caricature and Le Charivari, for which he became well known in his lifetime and is still remembered today. 114
[Created]
Olympia is an oil painting by Édouard Manet, depicting a nude white woman ("Olympia") lying on a bed being attended to by a black maid. The French government acquired the painting in [1890] after a public subscription organized by Claude Monet. The painting is now in the Musée d'Orsay, Paris. 115
[Created]
Gare Saint-Lazare is a series of oil paintings by the French artist Claude Monet. The paintings depict the smoky interior of the eponymous railway station in varied atmospheric conditions and from various points of view. The series contains twelve paintings, all created in Paris. This was Monet's first series of paintings concentrating on a single theme. 116
[Published]
The Horse in Motion is a series of cabinet cards by Eadweard Muybridge, including six cards that each show a series of six to twelve "automatic electro-photographs" depicting successive phases in the movement of a horse. An additional card reprinted the single image of the horse "Occident" trotting at high speed, which had already been published in [1877]. 117
[Created]
The Valley of Mexico is an oil on canvas painting by the Mexican painter José María Velasco. One of the earliest landscape paintings in Mexican art, it caused controversy for its use of naturalistic and landscape techniques to create a photographic illusion, rare at that time. It shows Mexico City and the Popocatépetl and Iztaccíhuatl volcanoes, all symbols of Mexico and is now in the Museo Nacional de Arte in Mexico City. 118
[Started]
The Burghers of Calais is a sculpture by Auguste Rodin in 12 original castings and numerous copies. It commemorates an event during the Hundred Years' War, when Calais, a French port on the English Channel, surrendered to the English after an 11-month siege. The city commissioned Rodin to create the sculpture in [1884] and the work was completed in [1889]. 119
[Created]
The Starry Night, often called simply Starry Night, is an oil-on-canvas painting by the Dutch Post-Impressionist painter Vincent van Gogh. It depicts the view from the east-facing window of his asylum room at Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, just before sunrise, with the addition of an imaginary village. It has been in the permanent collection of the Museum of Modern Art in New York City since 1941. 120
[Created]
The Coiffure is a drypoint and aquatint print by the American printmaker and painter Mary Cassatt. The work was inspired by Cassatt's attendance of an exhibition of Japanese woodblock prints, known as Ukiyo-e. 121
[Created]
The Scream is an art composition created by Norwegian artist Edvard Munch. The Norwegian name of the piece is Skrik ('Scream'), and the German title under which it was first exhibited is Der Schrei der Natur. The agonized face in the painting has become one of the most iconic images in art, seen as representing a profound experience of existential dread related to the human condition. 122
[Started]
A painting by French artist Paul Gauguin. The painting was created in Tahiti and is in the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, Massachusetts. Viewed as a masterpiece by Gauguin, the painting is considered "a philosophical work comparable to the themes of the Gospels". 123
[Started]
The Sullivan Center, formerly known as the Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building or Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Store, is a commercial building at 1 South State Street at the corner of East Madison Street in Chicago, Illinois. Louis Sullivan designed it for the retail firm Schlesinger & Mayer in [1899] and later expanded it before H.G. Selfridge & Co. purchased the structure in [1904]. 124
[Started]
Oil on canvas 125
[Created]
The Kiss is an oil-on-canvas painting with added gold leaf, silver and platinum by the Austrian Symbolist painter Gustav Klimt. It was painted at some point in [1907] and [1908], during the height of what scholars call his "Golden Period". It was exhibited in [1908] under the title Liebespaar as stated in the catalogue of the exhibition. 128
[Started]
The Kiss is a sculpture by Romanian Modernist sculptor Constantin Brâncuși. It is an early example of his proto-cubist style of non-literal representation. This sculpture is considered the first modern sculpture of the twentieth century. 129
[Created]
The Steerage is a black and white photograph taken by Alfred Stieglitz. It has been hailed by some critics as one of the greatest photographs of all time because it captures in a single image both a formative document of its time and one of the first works of artistic modernism.There were men and women and children on the lower deck of the steerage. 127
[Created]
A large oil painting by the Spanish artist Pablo Picasso. Part of the permanent collection of the Museum of Modern Art in New York, it portrays five nude female prostitutes in a brothel on Carrer d'Avinyó, a street in Barcelona, Spain. The figures are confrontational and not conventionally feminine, being rendered with angular and disjointed body shapes, some to a menacing degree. 126
[Created]
Georges Braque was a major 20th-century French painter, collagist, draughtsman, printmaker and sculptor. His most notable contributions were in his alliance with Fauvism, and the role he played in the development of Cubism. Braque's work between [1908] and [1912] is closely associated with that of his colleague Pablo Picasso. 130
[Created]
Wassily Wassilyevich Kandinsky was a Russian painter and art theorist active in Germany during the late Belle Époque and Interwar eras. Kandinsky is generally credited as one of the pioneers of abstraction in Western art. Born in Moscow, he began painting studies at the age of 30. 132
[Created]
Goldfish is an oil-on-canvas still life painting by French visual artist Henri Matisse. Goldfish was part of a series that Matisse produced between the spring and early summer of [1912]. 131
[Created]
Self-Portrait as a Soldier, or Selbstbildnis als Soldat, is an Expressionist oil-on-canvas painting by the German artist Ernst Ludwig Kirchner. Kirchner created this self-depiction in [1915], following his medical discharge from military service during the First World War. The artwork measures 69 centimetres in height by 61 centimetres in width. 133
[Started]
Käthe Kollwitz was a German artist who worked with painting, printmaking and sculpture. Her most famous art cycles, including The Weavers and The Peasant War, depict the effects of poverty, hunger and war on the working class. Despite the realism of her early works, her art is now more closely associated with Expressionism. 134
[Created]
Villa Savoye is a modernist villa and gatelodge in Poissy, on the outskirts of Paris, France. It was designed by the Swiss-French architect Le Corbusier and his cousin Pierre Jeanneret, and built using steel and reinforced concrete. 135
Mondrian was a Dutch painter and art theoretician who is regarded as one of the greatest artists of the 20th century. He was one of the pioneers of 20th-century abstract art, as he changed his artistic direction from figurative painting to an increasingly abstract style, until he reached a point where his artistic vocabulary was taken down to simple geometric elements. 136
Photomontage 132
[Created]
Reinforced concrete, sandstone, steel, and glass. 139
Object, known in English as Fur Breakfast or Breakfast in Fur, is a sculpture by the surrealist Méret Oppenheim, consisting of a fur-covered teacup, saucer and spoon. 138
[Created]
The Two Fridas is an oil painting by Mexican artist Frida Kahlo. The painting was the first large-scale work done by Kahlo and is considered one of her most notable paintings. It is a double self-portrait, depicting two versions of Kahlo seated together. One is wearing a white European style Victorian dress, while the other is wearing a traditional Tehuana dress. The painting is housed at the Museo de Arte Moderno in Mexico City. 140
[Created]
The Migration Series, originally titled The Migration of the Negro, is a group of paintings by African-American painter Jacob Lawrence which depicts the migration of African Americans to the Northern United States from the South that began in the [1910]s. 141
[Created]
Wifredo Óscar de la Concepción Lam y Castilla, better known as Wifredo Lam, was a Cuban artist who sought to portray and revive the enduring Afro-Cuban spirit and culture. Inspired by and in contact with some of the most renowned artists of the 20th century, including Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, Frida Kahlo and Diego Rivera, Lam melded his influences and created a unique style, which was ultimately characterized by the prominence of hybrid figures. 142
[Created]
Sueño de una tarde dominical en la Alameda Central or Dream of a Sunday Afternoon at Alameda Central Park is a 15.6 meter wide mural created by Diego Rivera. It is the principal work of the Museo Mural Diego Rivera adjacent to the Alameda in the historic center of Mexico City. 143
Readymade glazed sanitary china with black paint. 144
[Official Opening]
The Seagram Building is a skyscraper at 375 Park Avenue, between 52nd and 53rd streets, in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City, New York, U.S. It was designed in the International Style by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe along with Philip Johnson, Ely Jacques Kahn, and Robert Allan Jacobs. The high-rise tower is 515 feet (157 m) tall with 38 stories. 146
[Created]
Marilyn Diptych is a silkscreen print by American pop artist Andy Warhol depicting Marilyn Monroe. The monumental work is one of the artist's most noted of the movie star. 147
[Painted]
Helen Frankenthaler was an American abstract expressionist painter. She was a major contributor to the history of postwar American painting. Having exhibited her work for over six decades, she spanned several generations of abstract painters while continuing to produce vital and ever-changing new work. 149
[Created]
Yayoi Kusama is a Japanese contemporary artist who works primarily in sculpture and installation. She is also active in painting, performance, video art, fashion, poetry, fiction, and other arts. Her work is based in conceptual art and shows some attributes of feminism, minimalism, surrealism, art brut, pop art, and abstract expressionism, and is infused with autobiographical, psychological, and sexual content. 148
[Created]
Lipstick (Ascending) on Caterpillar Tracks is a weathering steel sculpture by Claes Oldenburg. It is located at Morse College Courtyard, at Yale University, in New Haven, Connecticut. 150
[Built]
Spiral Jetty is a work of land art constructed that is considered to be the most important work by American sculptor Robert Smithson. Smithson documented the construction of the sculpture in a 32-minute color film also titled Spiral Jetty. Built on the northeastern shore of the Great Salt Lake near Rozel Point in Utah entirely of mud, salt crystals, and basalt rocks. 151
[Started]
An instructive example of the post-modern style set in rural north Delaware. 152