{"title":"Jon's Slice of History","description":"Important dates throughout Western civilisation","shortDescription":"All the dates I want to learn about history, art & science.","numberOfCards":210,"numberOfDates":305,"firstPublished":"2022-02-01T12:14:29.223Z","lastPublished":"2025-10-03T10:27:52.913Z","categories":[{"serverID":"96","title":"Science & Mathematics","shortDescription":"","rank":80,"cards":[{"id":"27CsOhNWAfSTeyFFKsgH","name":"Descartes","description":"René Descartes was a French philosopher, mathematician, scientist who invented analytic geometry, linking the previously separate fields of geometry and algebra. Descartes has often been called the father of modern philosophy, and is largely seen as responsible for the increased attention given to epistemology in the 17th century. He laid the foundation for 17th-century continental rationalism, later advocated by Spinoza and Leibniz, and was later opposed by the empiricist school of thought consisting of Hobbes, Locke, Berkeley, and Hume.","categoryID":"96","pitDate":null,"start":"+1596-03-31","end":"+1650-02-11","periodA":"Birth","periodB":"Death","rank":100,"links":[],"sourceTitle":null,"sourceURL":null},{"id":"3cAoyv6HWQgUmCARLtqS","name":"Bologna university","description":"It is the oldest university in continuous operation in the world, and the first degree-awarding institution of higher learning.central role in the sciences during the Italian renaissance. It's alumni include Dante Alighieri, Nicholas Copernicus and Umberto Eco.","categoryID":"96","pitDate":"+1088-00-00","start":null,"end":null,"periodA":"Created","periodB":null,"rank":100,"links":[],"sourceTitle":"Wikipedia","sourceURL":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Bologna"},{"id":"5xNEbfrGMBzhD9xgqYeJ","name":"Newcomen atmospheric engine","description":"The start of the steam era. The engine was operated by condensing steam drawn into the cylinder, thereby creating a partial vacuum which allowed the atmospheric pressure to push the piston into the cylinder. Watt's engine improved the (inefficient) design considerably.","categoryID":"96","pitDate":"+1712-00-00","start":null,"end":null,"periodA":"Start","periodB":null,"rank":100,"links":[]},{"id":"7dGywCvyxHAhRvfow6mv","name":"Edison Light Bulb","description":"Edison's carbon-filament incandescent light bulbs, the first electric light bulbs, were demonstrated and became commercially available on this date. Tungsten filaments were invented elsewhere 25 years later.","categoryID":"96","pitDate":"1879","start":null,"end":null,"periodA":"Invented","periodB":null,"rank":100,"links":[{"link":"iDc2gOz2L0gGmAisVXqJ","type":0,"text":"x>Edison Light Bulb [Invented]James Clerk Maxwell [Death]Edison Light Bulb [Invented]James Clerk Maxwell [Death]Edison Light Bulb [Invented]Ford Model T [Production Starts]Edison Light Bulb [Invented]Ford Model T [Production Starts]Abraham Lincoln assassinatedAntiseptic surgery by Joseph ListerAbraham Lincoln assassinatedAntiseptic surgery by Joseph ListerOn the Origin of Species by Charles Darwin [Published]Hutton's Theory of Earth [Proposed]On the Origin of Species by Charles Darwin [Published]Hutton's Theory of Earth [Proposed]The first telephone call [Made]Queen Victoria [End Reign / Death]The first telephone call [Made]Queen Victoria [End Reign / Death]The first telephone call [Made]Four-stroke engine [Created]The first telephone call [Made]Four-stroke engine [Created]Gregor Mendel's laws of inheritance [Formulated]On the Origin of Species by Charles Darwin [Published]Gregor Mendel's laws of inheritance [Formulated]On the Origin of Species by Charles Darwin [Published]Alexander the Great [Birth]Aristotle [Birth]Alexander the Great [Birth]Aristotle [Birth]Alexander the Great [Death]Aristotle [Death]Alexander the Great [Death]Aristotle [Death]Aristotle [Birth]Plato [Death]Aristotle [Birth]Plato [Death]Aristotle [Birth]Louis Pasteur [Birth]Aristotle [Birth]Louis Pasteur [Birth]Ptolemy I Soter [Reign Starts]Alexander the Great [Birth]Aristotle [Birth]Ptolemy I Soter [Reign Starts]Alexander the Great [Birth]Aristotle [Birth]On The Revolutions Of The Heavenly Spheres [Published]Ptolemy [Death]Kepler's laws of planetary motion [Published]On The Revolutions Of The Heavenly Spheres [Published]Ptolemy [Death]Kepler's laws of planetary motion [Published]Knights Templar [Dissolved]Battle of Bannockburn [Happened]Knights Templar [Dissolved]Battle of Bannockburn [Happened]The first telephone call [Made]Four-stroke engine [Created]The first telephone call [Made]Four-stroke engine [Created]Four-stroke engine [Created]Ford Model T [Production Starts]Four-stroke engine [Created]Ford Model T [Production Starts]An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation [Published]A Treatise of Human Nature - David Hume [Published]An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation [Published]A Treatise of Human Nature - David Hume [Published]Smallpox Vaccine [Developed]Louis Pasteur [Birth]Smallpox Vaccine [Developed]Louis Pasteur [Birth]Royal Society [Created]Galileo Galilei discovers moons of JupiterRoyal Society [Created]Galileo Galilei discovers moons of JupiterDon Quixote [Published]Galileo Galilei discovers moons of JupiterDon Quixote [Published]Galileo Galilei discovers moons of JupiterJohann Sebastian Bach [Birth]Newton’s Principia [Published]Johann Sebastian Bach [Birth]Newton’s Principia [Published]Newton’s Principia [Published]Kepler's laws of planetary motion [Published]Edmond Halley [Death]Newton’s Principia [Published]Kepler's laws of planetary motion [Published]Edmond Halley [Death]Edmond Halley [Birth]Isaac Newton [Born]Newton’s Principia [Published]Edmond Halley [Birth]Isaac Newton [Born]Newton’s Principia [Published]Newton’s Principia [Published]Age of Enlightenment [Start (circa)]Newton’s Principia [Published]Age of Enlightenment [Start (circa)]Edison Light Bulb [Invented]James Clerk Maxwell [Death]Edison Light Bulb [Invented]James Clerk Maxwell [Death]Isaac Newton [Died]Euler [Birth]Isaac Newton [Died]Euler [Birth]On The Revolutions Of The Heavenly Spheres [Published]Isaac Newton [Born]On The Revolutions Of The Heavenly Spheres [Published]Isaac Newton [Born]Isaac Newton [Died]Gulliver's Travels [Published]South Sea Bubble [Bubble Burst]Isaac Newton [Died]Gulliver's Travels [Published]South Sea Bubble [Bubble Burst]Isaac Newton [Born]Death of Galileo GalileiIsaac Newton [Born]Death of 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