{"title":"History of Scotland","description":"History of Scotland","shortDescription":"Many of the most important dates in the history of Scotland.","numberOfCards":38,"numberOfDates":49,"firstPublished":"2023-06-27T08:37:33.513Z","lastPublished":"2025-08-04T10:03:07.450Z","categories":[{"serverID":"1001","title":"Rulers & Religion","shortDescription":"Default Category","rank":0,"cards":[{"id":"AhXUGtMfqOQJe05fUgA7","name":"Witch persecutions in Scotland","description":"Scotland had the most persecutions in Great Britain, about 5000. Under the Scottish Witchcraft Act of this year, both the practice of witchcraft and consulting with witches were capital offences.","categoryID":"1001","pitDate":null,"start":"1563","end":"1735","periodA":"Legalized","periodB":"Abolished","rank":100,"links":[],"sourceTitle":null,"sourceURL":null},{"id":"C5i29gbg8VzN63QwCkBJ","name":"Robert the Bruce","description":"Robert I, known as Robert the Bruce, was King of Scots. One of the most renowned warriors of his generation, Robert eventually led Scotland during the First War of Scottish Independence against England. He fought successfully during his reign to regain Scotland's place as an independent kingdom and is now revered in Scotland as a national hero.","categoryID":"1001","pitDate":null,"start":"+1306-03-25","end":"+1329-06-07","periodA":"Reign Start","periodB":"Reign End","rank":100,"links":[],"sourceTitle":"Wikipedia","sourceURL":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_the_Bruce"},{"id":"G8IStiC5qYYBk91eoK9N","name":"Mary, Queen of Scots","description":"Also known as Mary Stuart or Mary I of Scotland, was queen until her forced abdication. The only surviving legitimate child of James V of Scotland, Mary was six days old when her father died and she inherited the throne. During her childhood, Scotland was governed by regents. She was beheaded by Elizabeth I of England, who perceived her as a threat to the throne.","categoryID":"1001","pitDate":null,"start":"+1542-12-14","end":"+1567-07-24","periodA":"Reign Start","periodB":"Reign End","rank":100,"links":[],"sourceTitle":"Wikipedia","sourceURL":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots"},{"id":"Q8lqQA61RVV5LxcEJjDE","name":"Devolved Scottish Parliament","description":"After the passing of the Scotland Act ([1998]), the UK Government established a Scottish Parliament and Scottish Executive with power and responsibility over the majority of public services in Scotland the following year in [1999].","categoryID":"1001","pitDate":"1999","start":null,"end":null,"periodA":"Created","periodB":null,"rank":100,"links":[],"sourceTitle":"UK Government","sourceURL":"https://www.deliveringforscotland.gov.uk/scotland-in-the-uk/devolution/"},{"id":"QVi2qVB9jTNm53ZX56O3","name":"Statutes of Iona","description":"The Statutes of Iona, passed in Scotland in 1609, required that Highland Scottish clan chiefs send their heirs to Lowland Scotland to be educated in English-speaking Protestant schools. As a result, some clans, such as the MacDonalds of Sleat and the MacLeods of Harris, adopted the new religion. Other clans, notably the MacLeans of Morvern & Mull, MacDonalds of Clanranald, Keppoch, Glengarry, and Glencoe, remained resolutely Roman Catholic.","categoryID":"1001","pitDate":"1609","start":null,"end":null,"periodA":null,"periodB":null,"rank":100,"links":[],"sourceTitle":"Wikipedia","sourceURL":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statutes_of_Iona"},{"id":"Wib0Y9ZonDkOA0ICffcF","name":"Union of the Crowns","description":"This was the accession of James VI of Scotland to the throne of the Kingdom of England as James I and the practical unification of some functions (eg. overseas diplomacy) of the two separate realms under a single individual. Whilst a misnomer, what is popularly known as \"The Union of the Crowns\" followed the death of James's cousin, Elizabeth I of England, the last Tudor monarch. The union was personal or dynastic, with the Crown of England and the Crown of Scotland remaining distinct.","categoryID":"1001","pitDate":"+1603-03-24","start":null,"end":null,"periodA":"Created","periodB":null,"rank":100,"links":[],"sourceTitle":"Wikipedia","sourceURL":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_of_the_Crowns"},{"id":"XhmtWee39afseD79HATR","name":"Saint Columba","description":"An Irish abbot and missionary evangelist credited with spreading Christianity in what is today Scotland at the start of the Hiberno-Scottish mission. He founded the important abbey on Iona, which became a dominant religious and political institution in the region for centuries. According to traditional sources, Columba died in Iona on Sunday, 9 June 597, and was buried by his monks in the abbey he created.","categoryID":"1001","pitDate":"+0597-06-09","start":null,"end":null,"periodA":"Death","periodB":null,"rank":100,"links":[],"sourceTitle":"Wikipedia","sourceURL":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columba"},{"id":"aBAXtodyTumcSt5C1nHb","name":"Auld Alliance","description":"An alliance between the kingdoms of Scotland & France against England made in [1295]. The alliance began with the treaty signed by John Balliol and Philip IV of France in [1295] against Edward I of England. The terms of the treaty stipulated that if either country were attacked by England, the other country would invade English territory.","categoryID":"1001","pitDate":"+1295-00-00","start":null,"end":null,"periodA":"Established","periodB":null,"rank":100,"links":[{"link":"Iy5M2neGjj1kdoZRXXcB","type":0,"text":"In retaliation for Scotland's treaty with France, the x>Auld Alliance [Established]First War of Scottish Independence [Start]Auld Alliance [Established]First War of Scottish Independence [Start]Auld Alliance [Established]Battle of Flodden [Happened]Auld Alliance [Established]Battle of Flodden [Happened]James IV of Scotland [End]Battle of Flodden [Happened]James IV of Scotland [End]Battle of Flodden [Happened]Logarithms [Invented]St Andrews University [Established]Logarithms [Invented]St Andrews University [Established]Logarithms [Invented]St Andrews University [Established]Logarithms [Invented]St Andrews University [Established]William Wallace [Death]First War of Scottish Independence [Start]William Wallace [Death]First War of Scottish Independence [Start]Auld Alliance [Established]Battle of Flodden [Happened]Auld Alliance [Established]Battle of Flodden [Happened]James IV of Scotland [End]Battle of Flodden [Happened]James IV of Scotland [End]Battle of Flodden [Happened]Battle of Bannockburn [Happened]First War of Scottish Independence [End]Battle of Bannockburn [Happened]First War of Scottish Independence [End]Auld Alliance [Established]First War of Scottish Independence [Start]Auld Alliance [Established]First War of Scottish Independence [Start]William Wallace [Death]First War of Scottish Independence [Start]William Wallace [Death]First War of Scottish Independence [Start]Battle of Bannockburn [Happened]First War of Scottish Independence [End]Battle of Bannockburn [Happened]First War of Scottish Independence [End]Logarithms [Invented]St Andrews University [Established]Logarithms [Invented]St Andrews University [Established]William Wallace [Death]First War of Scottish Independence [Start]William Wallace [Death]First War of Scottish Independence [Start]Auld Alliance [Established]Battle of Flodden [Happened]Auld Alliance [Established]Battle of Flodden [Happened]James IV of Scotland [End]Battle of Flodden [Happened]James IV of Scotland [End]Battle of Flodden [Happened]Battle of Bannockburn [Happened]First War of Scottish Independence [End]Battle of Bannockburn [Happened]First War of Scottish Independence [End]Auld Alliance [Established]First War of Scottish Independence [Start]Auld Alliance [Established]First War of Scottish Independence [Start]